Mitundu ndi magulu a kukoma kwa chakudya ndi kununkhira kwake

1.Kusiyanasiyana kwa zakudya komanso kununkhira kwake
Gawo la zokometsera za chakudya ndilochepa kwambiri, koma liyenera kuchita kafukufuku wina wa chitetezo ndi thanzi, ndipo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha mutakwaniritsa zofunikira za malamulo okhudzana ndi thanzi.Pali mitundu yambiri ya kukoma kwa chakudya, yogawidwa kukhala yolimba ndi yamadzimadzi molingana ndi mawonekedwe a mlingo.Kukoma kolimba kumakhala ndi kukoma kwa microcapsule ndi zina zotero.Zokometsera zamadzimadzi zimatha kugawidwa m'makoma osungunuka m'madzi, zokometsera zosungunuka zamafuta ndi zokometsera zosungunuka.Kuphatikiza apo, imathanso kugawidwa ndi kukoma ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
Kukoma kwa Microcapsule kumapangidwa ndi zokometsera ndi zokutira (monga wowuma wosinthidwa, etc.) kudzera mu emulsification ndi kupopera kuyanika, komwe kumakhala ndi makhalidwe olepheretsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi kuwonongeka kwa volatilization, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka powonjezera kukoma kwa zakumwa zolimba ndi zokometsera.Mafuta osungunuka m'madzi amapangidwa ndi madzi osungunuka kapena ethanol monga zokometsera komanso zodyedwa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi zokometsera zina.Kununkhira kosungunuka kwamafuta kumapangidwa posakaniza propylene glycol ndi kukoma kwazakudya, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokometsera maswiti ndi makeke.Emulsifying essence ndi gawo lamafuta lomwe limapangidwa ndi kukoma kwa chakudya, mafuta azakudya, zowongolera mphamvu yokoka, ma antioxidants, zoteteza, ndi zina zambiri, ndi gawo lamadzi lopangidwa ndi emulsifiers, colorants, preservatives, thickeners, wowawasa ndi madzi osungunuka, ndi zina zotero, zopangidwa ndi emulsification ndi high pressure homogenization, makamaka ntchito zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi zakumwa ozizira, kukoma kuwongola, mitundu kapena turbidity.

2.Magulu a kukoma kwa chakudya ndi kununkhira
Kukoma kwa chakudya ndichinthu chofunikira chowonjezera pazakudya.Muzowonjezera chakudya ndi thupi lake, pali mitundu yoposa chikwi.Mitundu ya flavour imatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:
(1) Kukoma kwachilengedwe.Ndi chinthu chachilengedwe chochokera ku zomera ndi zinyama zachilengedwe (zonunkhira) ndi njira zakuthupi.Nthawi zambiri, zonyamulira za fungo lachilengedwe zimatha kupezeka kuchokera ku zipatso, ziwalo za nyama, masamba, tiyi ndi mbewu.The m'zigawo njira ndi m'zigawo, distillation ndi ndende.Tingafinye vanila, cocoa Tingafinye, sitiroberi Tingafinye ndi zina zotero angapezeke ndi njira m'zigawo.Mafuta a peppermint, mafuta a fennel, sinamoni (osmanthus) mafuta, mafuta a eucalyptus amatha kupezeka ndi distillation.Mafuta a lalanje, mafuta a mandimu ndi mafuta a citrus amatha kupezeka ndi distillation.Kuyika kwa madzi a apulo, kuyika kwa mango, kuyika kwa madzi a lalanje ndi zina zotero zitha kupezeka ndi njira ya ndende.Pali zinthu zopitilira 5,000 zomwe zimatha kutulutsa chakudya chokoma padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo zoposa 1,500 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofala.
(2) Kukoma kwachilengedwe.Kukoma kotereku kumapezedwa ndi mankhwala achilengedwe achilengedwe kapena kaphatikizidwe kachilengedwe ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala zofanana ndi mankhwala.
(3) Kukoma kopanga.Imapezedwa ndi kaphatikizidwe kochita kupanga ndi njira zina zamakina ndipo sizinatsimikizidwe kuti mamolekyu achilengedwe azinthuzo.Zikapezeka m'chilengedwe ndikulamulira mamolekyu amtundu womwewo, ndizofanana ndi kukoma kwachilengedwe.Malinga ngati pali zopangira mu akamanena za kupanga, ndiye kuti, chochita kupanga essence.
⑷ Kununkhira kokonzedwa ndi njira ya tizilombo.Ndikofunikira komwe kumapezeka ndi fermentation ya microbial kapena enzymatic reaction.
(5) Mphamvu yogwira ntchito.Kukoma kwamtunduwu kumachokera ku momwe Maillard amachitira potenthetsa mapuloteni ndi kuchepetsa shuga, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyama, chokoleti, khofi, fungo la malt.

Malinga ndi momwe amakondera, zokometsera zazakudya zimaphatikizapo: kununkhira kwamadzi (kusungunuka kwamadzi, kusungunuka kwamafuta, emulsifying), komwe zinthu zonunkhira zimakhala ndi 10% -20%, zosungunulira (madzi, propylene glycol, etc.) kwa 80-90%;Emulsion kukoma, kuphatikizapo zosungunulira, emulsifier, guluu, stabilizer, pigment, asidi ndi antioxidant, 80% -90%;Kununkhira kwa ufa, komwe kununkhira kumakhala 10% -20%, chonyamulira chinali 80% -90%.

Kukula kwa kukoma kwa ufa kumakhala kofulumira, ndipo kumakhala ndi ntchito zambiri mu zakumwa, zokhwasula-khwasula, zophika ndi zina zotero.Pali mitundu itatu ya zokometsera ufa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
(1) Kukoma kwa ufa monga kusakaniza: zinthu zingapo zokometsera ufa zimasakanizidwa wina ndi mzake, monga ufa wa zonunkhira zisanu, ufa wa curry, ndi zina zotero;Zambiri mwa zonunkhirazi zimachokera ku zonunkhira zachilengedwe za zomera, komanso pokonzekera zokometsera za nyama;Vanilla ufa, vanillin, ndi zina zotero, ndi zokometsera za ufa mu mawonekedwe osakaniza.
(2) Kukoma kwa ufa mu mawonekedwe a adsorption: kwenikweni ndi adsorbed kwambiri pamwamba pa chonyamulira, ndipo zikuchokera kukoma izi ayenera kukhala otsika kusakhazikika;Zokometsera zosiyanasiyana za nyama nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokometsera za ufa mu mawonekedwe adsorbed.
(3)Mawonekedwe opaka utoto wa ufa wa microcapsule ndiye kukoma komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani azakudya masiku ano.
Kukoma kwa microgelatinization ndi njira yapadera yopakira, kudzipatula, kusunga, kutulutsa pang'onopang'ono komanso kuchiritsa kwamadzimadzi, cholinga chake chachikulu ndikusunga kukoma koyambirira kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikusunga kukoma kokoma kuti zisawonongeke chifukwa cha kukoma kwamafuta. okosijeni ndi zinthu zina.
Izi ndizofunika kwambiri komanso zotheka kwambiri kuzinthu zina zokometsera ufa mumakampani azakudya.Mwachidule motere: chakumwa cholimba chamwambo chimagwiritsa ntchito njira yowumitsira utsi, njira yowumitsa vacuum ndi njira yoyanika yowiritsa kuti ipange, kupanga kumagwiritsa ntchito kununkhira kwamadzimadzi, kumafunika kutenthedwa kuti kuchotse zosungunulira, kununkhira kwa chinthucho kumakhudzidwa.

Njira yosakaniza ufa wowuma imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chakumwa cholimba.Popanga, zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana za ufa zimasakanizidwa mwachindunji ndi essence ya ufa wa microgel, popanda kutenthetsa, ndipo kununkhira kwake sikunasinthe.Kugwiritsa ntchito microgel granule ufa flavoring kwa zakumwa zolimba n'zosavuta ntchito, zosavuta kusakaniza wogawana, sizimawonjezera kutentha kwa flavoring mankhwala, mankhwala kusunga original ufa boma, ndipo sadzasintha mtundu mu woyera shuga mankhwala.
Chifukwa chakuti zigawo za fungo zimayikidwa mu capsule, kutayika kwa volatilization kumaletsedwa, motero kumawonjezera nthawi yosungira.Zigawo za fungo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi malo ozungulira kuti zisawonongeke chifukwa cha zinthu monga okosijeni, motero zimakulitsa kwambiri nthawi yosungiramo mankhwala.Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kukoma flavoring ntchito si yabwino, zovuta kusakaniza wogawana, kuonjezera madzi zili flavoring mankhwala, kuti mankhwala n'zosavuta kupanga caking chodabwitsa, mu woyera shuga mankhwala pang`onopang`ono kutembenukira chikasu, kukoma kungakhale kokha anawonjezera pamwamba, poyera danga chifukwa mofulumira volatilization, kukhalabe fungo nthawi yochepa, malo lalikulu la kukoma kukhudzana ndi mpweya, atengeke makutidwe ndi okosijeni, kulimbikitsa kununkhira kuwonongeka, yochepa posungira nthawi.