Kununkhira kumapangidwa ndi mankhwala amodzi kapena angapo okhala ndi fungo, mu mamolekyu achilengedwewa pali magulu ena onunkhira. amaphatikizidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana mkati mwa molekyulu, kotero kuti zokometsera zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kununkhira ndi fungo.
Kulemera kwa maselo nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 26 ndi 300, kusungunuka m'madzi, ethanol kapena zosungunulira zina. Molekyuyi iyenera kukhala ndi gulu la atomiki monga 0H, -co -, -NH, ndi -SH, lomwe limatchedwa gulu lonunkhira kapena gulu lonunkhira. Magulu atsitsiwa amapangitsa kuti fungo litulutse zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapatsa anthu malingaliro osiyanasiyana a zofukiza.
Gulu la Flavour
Malinga ndi gwero akhoza kugawidwa mu zachilengedwe oonetsera ndi kupanga oonetsera. Natural kununkhira akhoza kugawidwa mu nyama zachilengedwe kukoma ndi zomera zachilengedwe kununkhira. Zokometsera zopangira zitha kugawidwa muzokometsera zapayekha, kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala ndi zokometsera zosakanikirana, zokometsera zopangira zimagawidwa muzokometsera za semi-synthetic komanso zokometsera bwino.
Natural Flavour
Natural oonetsera amatanthauza choyambirira ndi unprocessed mwachindunji ntchito onunkhira mbali nyama ndi zomera; Kapena zonunkhiritsa zotengedwa kapena zoyengedwa ndi njira zakuthupi popanda kusintha momwe zidayambira. Zokometsera zachilengedwe zimaphatikizapo zokometsera zachilengedwe za nyama ndi zomera m'magulu awiri.
Zakudya zachilengedwe zanyama
Mitundu ya zokometsera zachilengedwe za nyama ndizochepa, makamaka pakutulutsa kapena kutulutsa nyama, pali mitundu pafupifupi khumi ndi iwiri ya zokometsera zanyama zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pano ndi: musk, ambergris, zofukiza za civet, castorian izi zokometsera zinayi za nyama.
Bzalani kununkhira kwachilengedwe
Kukoma kwachilengedwe kwa zomera ndiye gwero lalikulu la kukoma kwachilengedwe, mitundu ya kukoma kwa mbewu ndi yolemera, ndipo njira zochizira ndizosiyanasiyana. Anthu apeza kuti m'chilengedwe muli mitundu yopitilira 3600 yamafuta onunkhira, monga timbewu tonunkhira, lavenda, peony, jasmine, cloves, ndi zina zambiri, koma mitundu 400 yokha yogwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera yomwe ilipo. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe awo, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu a terpenoids, magulu a aliphatic, magulu onunkhira ndi mankhwala a nayitrogeni ndi sulfure.
zopangira zokometsera
Kununkhira kwa Synthetic ndi kokometsera komwe kumakonzedwa ndi kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito zida zachilengedwe kapena zida za mankhwala. Pakalipano, pali mitundu pafupifupi 4000 ~ 5000 ya zokometsera zopangidwa molingana ndi zolemba, ndipo pafupifupi mitundu 700 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pakukomedwa kwamakono, zokometsera zopangira zimakhala pafupifupi 85%.
Perfume amadzipatula
Perfume zopatula ndi zokometsera zamtundu umodzi zomwe zimakhala zolekanitsidwa ndi fungo lachilengedwe. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe amodzi komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a mamolekyulu, koma amakhala ndi fungo limodzi, ndipo amafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zonunkhira zina zachilengedwe kapena zopangira.
Semi-synthetic kununkhira
Semi-synthetic flavor ndi mtundu wa zokometsera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chemical reaction, zomwe ndi gawo lofunikira pakukometsera kopanga. Pakadali pano, mitundu yopitilira 150 yamafuta onunkhira a semi-synthetic yapangidwa ndi mafakitale.
Mokwanira kupanga oonetsera
Kununkhira kopangidwa kwathunthu ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka ndi ma multi-step chemical synthesis reaction of petrochemical or malasha chemical product as the basic materials. Ndi "zopangira zopangira" zokonzedwa molingana ndi njira yokhazikitsidwa. Pali mitundu yopitilira 5,000 yamafuta opangira padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo pali mitundu yopitilira 1,400 yamafuta opangira omwe amaloledwa ku China, komanso mitundu yopitilira 400 yazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Kusakaniza kwa flavour
Kusakaniza kumatanthawuza kusakaniza kwa zokometsera zingapo kapena zingapo (zachilengedwe, zopangidwa ndi zokometsera zakutali) zokhala ndi fungo linalake kapena fungo linalake lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji kununkhira kwazinthu, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti essence.
Malinga ndi ntchito ya zokometsera pakusakaniza, zitha kugawidwa m'magawo asanu: fungo lalikulu, ndi fungo lothandizira, chosinthira, chothandizira kununkhira ndi kununkhira. Ikhoza kugawidwa m'magawo atatu: fungo lamutu, fungo la thupi ndi fungo loyambira malinga ndi kusinthasintha kwa kukoma ndi nthawi yosungira.
Gulu la fungo
Poucher adasindikiza njira yogawa fungo molingana ndi kusinthasintha kwake. Anayesa zonunkhiritsa zachilengedwe 330 ndi zonunkhiritsa zina, ndikuziika m'magulu onunkhiritsa apachiyambi, thupi ndi choyambirira kutengera kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe adakhala papepala.
Poucher imapereka coefficient ya "1" kwa iwo omwe fungo lawo limatayika pasanathe tsiku, "2" kwa iwo omwe fungo lawo limatayika pasanathe masiku awiri, ndi zina zotero mpaka "100", pambuyo pake. sakukwezedwanso. Amayika 1 mpaka 14 ngati zonunkhiritsa zapamutu 15 mpaka 60 ngati zonunkhiritsa zamthupi ndipo 62 mpaka 100 ngati zonunkhiritsa zoyambira kapena zonunkhiritsa zosakhazikika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-23-2024