Kodi zokometsera zachilengedwe ndizabwinoko kuposa zokometsera zopangira

Kuchokera kuzinthu zamafakitale, kununkhira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza kununkhira kwa fungo losasinthika la chinthucho, gwero lake limagawidwa m'magulu awiri: imodzi ndi "kununkhira kwachilengedwe", kuchokera ku zomera, nyama, zipangizo zamakono pogwiritsa ntchito "njira yakuthupi" kuchotsa fungo la zinthu;Imodzi ndi "kununkhira kopangidwa", komwe kumapangidwa ndi "distillate" ndi asidi, alkali, mchere ndi mankhwala ena opangidwa kuchokera kumagulu amchere monga mafuta ndi malasha kudzera mumankhwala ndi kukonza.M'zaka zaposachedwa, zokometsera zachilengedwe zakhala zikufunidwa kwambiri ndipo mitengo yakwera kwambiri, koma kodi zokometsera zachilengedwe ndizabwinoko kuposa zokometsera zopangira?

Zokometsera zachilengedwe zimagawidwa muzonunkhira za nyama ndi zokometsera za zomera: zonunkhira zachilengedwe za nyama zimakhala zamitundu inayi: musk, civet, castoreum ndi ambergris;Kununkhira kwachilengedwe kwa zomera ndi kusakaniza kwa organic komwe kumachokera ku maluwa, masamba, nthambi, zimayambira, zipatso, ndi zina zotero, za zomera zonunkhira.Synthetic zokometsera ndi theka-kupanga zonunkhira ndi zonse kupanga zokometsera: kugwiritsa ntchito chigawo chilengedwe pambuyo anachita mankhwala kusintha kapangidwe ka zonunkhira amatchedwa theka-kupanga zonunkhira, ntchito zofunika mankhwala zopangira zopangira amatchedwa zonse kupanga zonunkhira.Malinga ndi gulu lamagulu ogwira ntchito, fungo lonunkhira limatha kugawidwa kukhala fungo la ether (diphenyl ether, anisole, etc.), aldehyde-ketone fungo (musketone, cyclopentadecanone, etc.), mafuta onunkhira a lactone (isoamyl acetate, amyl butyrate, etc.). ), kununkhira kwa mowa (mowa wamafuta, mowa wonunkhira, mowa wa terpenoid, etc.), etc.

Zokometsera zoyambirira zimatha kukonzedwa ndi zokometsera zachilengedwe, pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa zokometsera zopangira, onunkhira amatha pafupifupi mwakufuna kukonzekera zokometsera zosiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zosowa zamitundu yonse.Kwa ogwira ntchito m'makampani ndi ogula, nkhawa yaikulu ndi kukhazikika ndi chitetezo cha zonunkhira.Zokometsera zachilengedwe sizowopsa, ndipo zokometsera zopangira sizikhala zowopsa.Kukhazikika kwa kukoma kumawonekera makamaka m'zigawo ziwiri: choyamba, kukhazikika kwawo mu fungo kapena kukoma;Chachiwiri, kukhazikika kwa thupi ndi mankhwala pawokha kapena mu mankhwala;Chitetezo chimatanthawuza ngati pali kawopsedwe mkamwa, kawopsedwe pakhungu, kuyabwa pakhungu ndi maso, kaya kukhudzana kwapakhungu kumakhala kosagwirizana, kaya pali poyizoni wa photosensitivity ndi photosensitization yapakhungu.

Ponena za zokometsera, zonunkhira zachilengedwe ndi zosakaniza zovuta, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga chiyambi ndi nyengo, zomwe sizimakhazikika mosavuta pakujambula ndi kununkhira, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana.Kapangidwe ka fungo lake ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo ndi mlingo wamakono wa chemistry ndi biotechnology, n'zovuta kuti tipeze kusanthula kolondola ndi kumvetsa zigawo zake za fungo, ndipo momwe thupi la munthu limakhudzira thupi ndilosavuta kumvetsa.Zina mwa zoopsazi sizikudziwika kwa ife;Kapangidwe ka zokometsera zokometsera ndizomveka, kuyesa koyenera kwachilengedwe kungathe kuchitidwa, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kotetezeka kutha kukwaniritsidwa, ndipo fungo lake ndi lokhazikika, komanso kununkhira kwazinthu zomwe zawonjezeredwa kumakhalanso kokhazikika, zomwe zimatipangitsa kuti tigwiritse ntchito.

Ponena za zosungunulira zotsalira, fungo lopangidwa ndi lofanana ndi fungo lachilengedwe.Zonunkhira zachilengedwe zimafunikiranso zosungunulira pochotsa.Pogwiritsa ntchito kaphatikizidwe, zosungunulira zimatha kuwongoleredwa pamalo otetezeka posankha zosungunulira ndi kuchotsa.

Zokometsera zambiri zachilengedwe ndi zokometsera ndizokwera mtengo kuposa zokometsera zopangira ndi zokometsera, koma izi sizikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi chitetezo, ndipo zokometsera zina zopangira zimakhala zodula kuposa zokometsera zachilengedwe.Anthu amaganiza kuti chilengedwe ndi chabwinoko, nthawi zina chifukwa fungo lachilengedwe limapangitsa anthu kukhala osangalatsa, ndipo zosakaniza zina muzokometsera zachilengedwe zimatha kubweretsa kusiyana kosadziwika bwino.Osati zachilengedwe ndi zabwino, zopangira sizili bwino, malinga ngati kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa malamulo ndi miyezo kuli kotetezeka, ndipo mwasayansi, zokometsera zopangira zimalamuliridwa, zotetezeka kwambiri, pakalipano, zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pagulu.