Kodi zokometsera zachilengedwe ndizabwino kwambiri kuposa zokometsera zopangidwa?

Kuchokera ku malingaliro a mafakitale, fungoli limagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza kukoma kwa fungo losakhazikika la chinthucho, gwero lake limagawidwa m'magulu awiri: limodzi ndi "kukoma kwachilengedwe", kuchokera ku zomera, nyama, zinthu zazing'onoting'ono pogwiritsa ntchito "njira yathupi" zochotsera fungo; limodzi ndi "fungo lopangidwa", lomwe limapangidwa ndi "distillate" ndi asidi, alkali, mchere ndi mankhwala ena omwe amapezeka kuchokera kuzinthu zamchere monga mafuta ndi malasha kudzera mu mankhwala ndi kukonza mankhwala. M'zaka zaposachedwa, zokometsera zachilengedwe zakhala zikufunidwa kwambiri ndipo mitengo yakwera kwambiri, koma kodi zokometsera zachilengedwe ndizabwino kuposa zokometsera zopangidwa?

Zonunkhira zachilengedwe zimagawidwa m'magulu a zonunkhira za nyama ndi zonunkhira za zomera: zonunkhira zachilengedwe za nyama makamaka ndi mitundu inayi: musk, civet, castoreum ndi ambergris; Fungo lachilengedwe la zomera ndi chisakanizo chachilengedwe chochokera ku maluwa, masamba, nthambi, tsinde, zipatso, ndi zina zotero, za zomera zonunkhira. Zonunkhira zopangidwa zimakhala ndi zonunkhira zopangidwa pang'ono ndi zonunkhira zopangidwa kwathunthu: kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lachilengedwe pambuyo pa kusintha kwa mankhwala kuti asinthe kapangidwe ka zonunkhira kumatchedwa zonunkhira zopangidwa pang'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira zopangira zopangidwa zotchedwa zonunkhira zopangidwa zonse. Malinga ndi magulu ogwira ntchito, zonunkhira zopangidwa zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu a zonunkhira za ether (diphenyl ether, anisole, ndi zina zotero), zonunkhira za aldehyde-ketone (musketone, cyclopentadecanone, ndi zina zotero), zonunkhira za lactone (isoamyl acetate, amyl butyrate, ndi zina zotero), zonunkhira za mowa (mafuta akumwa, aromatic alcohol, terpenoid alcohol, ndi zina zotero), ndi zina zotero.

Zokometsera zoyambirira zimatha kukonzedwa ndi zokometsera zachilengedwe zokha, pambuyo poti zayamba kupangidwa, opanga zonunkhira amatha kukonzekera zokometsera zosiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zosowa za anthu onse. Kwa ogwira ntchito m'makampani ndi ogula, nkhawa yayikulu ndi kukhazikika ndi chitetezo cha zonunkhira. Zokometsera zachilengedwe sizili zotetezeka kwenikweni, ndipo zokometsera zopangidwa sizili zotetezeka kwenikweni. Kukhazikika kwa kukoma kumaonekera makamaka m'mbali ziwiri: choyamba, kukhazikika kwawo mu fungo kapena kukoma; Chachiwiri, kukhazikika kwa zinthu zakuthupi ndi zamakemikolo zokha kapena mu chinthucho; Chitetezo chimatanthauza ngati pali poizoni wa pakamwa, poizoni wa pakhungu, kuyabwa pakhungu ndi m'maso, ngati kukhudzana ndi khungu kudzakhala ndi ziwengo, ngati pali poizoni wa photosensitivity ndi photosensitivity pakhungu.

Ponena za zonunkhira, zonunkhira zachilengedwe ndi zosakaniza zovuta, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga chiyambi ndi nyengo, zomwe sizikhazikika mosavuta mu kapangidwe ndi fungo, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala. Kapangidwe ka fungo ndi kovuta kwambiri, ndipo ndi mulingo wamakono wa chemistry ndi biotechnology, n'kovuta kupeza kusanthula kolondola kwathunthu ndi kumvetsetsa zigawo zake za fungo, ndipo momwe zimakhudzira thupi la munthu sizophweka kumvetsetsa. Zina mwa zoopsazi sizikudziwika kwa ife; Kapangidwe ka zonunkhira zopangidwa ndi anthu ndi komveka bwino, kuyesa koyenera kwa zamoyo kumatha kuchitika, kugwiritsa ntchito motetezeka kumatha kuchitika, ndipo fungo ndi lokhazikika, ndipo fungo la chinthu chowonjezeredwa limathanso kukhala lokhazikika, zomwe zimatipangitsa kukhala osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Ponena za zosungunulira zotsalira, zonunkhira zopangidwa ndi zinthu zofanana ndi zonunkhira zachilengedwe. Zokometsera zachilengedwe zimafunanso zosungunulira mu ndondomeko yotulutsa. Mu ndondomeko yopangira, zosungunulira zimatha kulamulidwa m'njira yotetezeka mwa kusankha zosungunulira ndi kuchotsa.

Zokometsera zachilengedwe zambiri zimakhala zodula kuposa zokometsera zopangidwa, koma izi sizikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi chitetezo, ndipo zokometsera zina zopangidwa zimakhala zodula kwambiri kuposa zokometsera zachilengedwe. Anthu amaganiza kuti zachilengedwe ndizabwino, nthawi zina chifukwa fungo lachilengedwe limapangitsa anthu kukhala osangalatsa, ndipo zosakaniza zina mu zokometsera zachilengedwe zingabweretse kusiyana pang'ono pazochitikazo. Sizachilengedwe ndizabwino, zopangidwa sizabwino, bola ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mkati mwa malamulo ndi miyezo kuli kotetezeka, ndipo polankhula zasayansi, zonunkhira zopangidwa ndizosavuta kulamulira, zotetezeka kwambiri, pakadali pano, zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pagulu.