I. Chidule cha makampani
Fungo limatanthauza zonunkhira zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana ndi zonunkhira zopangidwa ngati zinthu zazikulu zopangira, komanso ndi zinthu zina zothandizira malinga ndi njira yoyenera komanso njira yokonzekera kukoma kwina kwa chisakanizo chovuta, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mitundu yonse ya zinthu zokometsera. Kukoma ndi mawu ofala a zinthu zokometsera zomwe zimachotsedwa kapena kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira, ndipo ndi gawo lofunikira la mankhwala abwino. Kukoma ndi chinthu chapadera chogwirizana kwambiri ndi moyo wa anthu, chomwe chimadziwika kuti "industrial monosodium glutamate", zinthu zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga chakudya, makampani opanga mankhwala tsiku ndi tsiku, makampani opanga mankhwala, makampani opanga fodya, makampani opanga nsalu, makampani opanga zikopa ndi mafakitale ena.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mfundo zambiri zapereka zofunikira zapamwamba pa kayendetsedwe ka makampani opanga zokometsera ndi zonunkhira, chitetezo, kayendetsedwe ka zachilengedwe, ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa chakudya. Ponena za chitetezo, mfundoyi ikupereka lingaliro la "kulimbikitsa kumanga njira yamakono yoyendetsera chitetezo cha chakudya", ndikukulitsa mwamphamvu ukadaulo wachilengedwe ndi kukonza; Ponena za kayendetsedwe ka zachilengedwe, mfundoyi ikugogomezera kufunika kokwaniritsa "chitukuko chobiriwira chotsika mpweya, zachilengedwe", ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika komanso chotetezeka cha makampani opanga zonunkhira ndi zonunkhira; Ponena za kusiyanasiyana kwa chakudya, mfundoyi imalimbikitsa kusintha ndi kukweza makampani opanga chakudya, motero kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha makampani otsika a zonunkhira ndi zonunkhira. Makampani opanga zokometsera ndi zonunkhira monga makampani opanga zinthu zopangira mankhwala ndi mankhwala, malo okhwima a mfundoyi adzapangitsa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi ulamuliro wosasamala wa chilengedwe kukumana ndi mavuto akulu, ndipo mabizinesi omwe ali ndi miyezo inayake ndi malamulo oyendetsera zachilengedwe ali ndi mwayi wabwino wopititsa patsogolo chitukuko.
Zinthu zopangira kukoma ndi fungo zimaphatikizapo timbewu ta mint, mandimu, duwa la duwa, lavenda, vetiver ndi zomera zina zonunkhira, ndi musk, ambergris ndi nyama zina (zokometsera). Mwachionekere, gawo la mafakitale ake limaphatikizapo ulimi, nkhalango, ulimi wa ziweto ndi madera ena ambiri, kuphatikizapo kubzala, kuswana, sayansi yaulimi ndi ukadaulo, kukolola ndi kukonza ndi maulalo ena oyambira. Popeza zokometsera ndi fungo ndizofunikira kwambiri pazakudya, zinthu zosamalira khungu, fodya, zakumwa, chakudya ndi mafakitale ena, mafakitale awa ndi omwe ali pansi pa mafakitale a zokometsera ndi fungo. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale awa, kufunikira kwa zokometsera ndi fungo kwakhala kukukwera, ndipo zofunikira zapamwamba zaperekedwa patsogolo pazinthu zopangira zokometsera ndi fungo.
2. Mkhalidwe wa chitukuko
Ndi chitukuko cha zachuma cha mayiko padziko lonse lapansi (makamaka mayiko otukuka), kusintha kosalekeza kwa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe anthu amadya, zosowa za anthu pazabwino za chakudya ndi zofunikira za tsiku ndi tsiku zikukwera kwambiri, chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi kukopa kwa zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwathandizira chitukuko cha makampani opanga zonunkhira padziko lonse lapansi. Pali mitundu yoposa 6,000 ya zinthu zokometsera ndi zonunkhira padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kukula kwa msika kwakwera kuchoka pa $24.1 biliyoni mu 2015 kufika pa $29.9 biliyoni mu 2023, ndi chiwonjezeko cha kukula kwa 3.13%.
Kupanga ndi chitukuko cha makampani opanga zokometsera ndi zonunkhira, kukugwirizana ndi chitukuko cha chakudya, zakumwa, mankhwala a tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mafakitale ena othandizira, kusintha kwachangu m'makampani otsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makampani opanga zokometsera ndi zonunkhira apitirire kukula, mtundu wa malonda ukupitirirabe, mitundu ikupitirirabe kukula, ndipo zokolola zikukwera chaka ndi chaka. Mu 2023, kupanga zokometsera ndi zonunkhira ku China kunafika matani 1.371 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 2.62%, poyerekeza ndi zokolola mu 2017 kunakwera ndi matani 123,000, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa zinthu m'zaka zisanu zapitazi kunali pafupi ndi 1.9%. Ponena za kukula kwa msika wonse, gawo la zokometsera linali lalikulu, lomwe linali 64.4%, ndipo zonunkhira zinali 35.6%.
Ndi chitukuko cha chuma cha China komanso kusintha kwa miyezo ya moyo wa dziko, komanso kusamutsa makampani opanga zokometsera padziko lonse lapansi, kufunikira ndi kupezeka kwa kukoma ku China kukukulirakulira mbali zonse ziwiri, ndipo makampani opanga zokometsera akukula mofulumira ndipo msika ukukulirakulira mosalekeza. Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri zakukula mwachangu, makampani opanga zokometsera m'nyumba nawonso amaliza pang'onopang'ono kusintha kuchokera ku kupanga zinthu zazing'ono kupita ku mafakitale, kuchokera ku zinthu zotsanzira kupita ku kafukufuku wodziyimira pawokha, kuchokera ku zida zotumizidwa kunja kupita ku kapangidwe kodziyimira pawokha ndi kupanga zida zaukadaulo, kuchokera ku kuwunika kwa malingaliro mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito kuyesa zida zolondola kwambiri, kuyambira kuyambitsidwa kwa ogwira ntchito zaukadaulo mpaka kuphunzitsa ogwira ntchito zaukadaulo pawokha, kuyambira kusonkhanitsa zinthu zakuthengo mpaka kuyambitsa ndi kulima komanso kukhazikitsa maziko. Makampani opanga zokometsera m'nyumba pang'onopang'ono asintha kukhala njira yokwanira yamakampani. Mu 2023, msika wa zokometsera ndi zonunkhira ku China unafika pa 71.322 biliyoni yuan, womwe gawo la msika wa zokometsera linali 61%, ndipo zonunkhira zinali 39%.
3. Mpikisano
Pakadali pano, chitukuko cha makampani opanga zokometsera ndi zonunkhira ku China n'chodziwikiratu. China ndiyenso wopanga zokometsera zachilengedwe ndi zonunkhira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kawirikawiri, makampani opanga zokometsera ndi zonunkhira ku China apita patsogolo mofulumira ndipo apita patsogolo kwambiri, ndipo makampani ambiri odziyimira pawokha atsogola pakupanga zinthu zatsopano. Pakadali pano, makampani ofunikira kwambiri mumakampani opanga zokometsera ndi zonunkhira ku China ndi Jiaxing Zhonghua Chemical Co., LTD., Huabao International Holdings Co., LTD., China Bolton Group Co., LTD., Aipu Fragrance Group Co., LTD.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, Bolton Group yakhazikitsa mwamphamvu njira yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko yoyendetsedwa ndi zatsopano, yawonjezera ndalama mu kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, yapitiliza kutenga ukadaulo wa fungo, biosynthesis, kutulutsa zomera zachilengedwe ndi madera ena asayansi ndi ukadaulo, kulimba mtima kogwiritsa ntchito ndikukonzekera mapu a chitukuko, kumanga mpikisano waukulu wa bizinesiyo, kukulitsa mafakitale omwe akubwera mtsogolo monga biotechnology, ndudu zamagetsi, zamankhwala ndi zaumoyo, ndikuyika maziko olimba okhazikitsa maziko akale. Mu 2023, ndalama zonse za Bolton Group zinali 2.352 biliyoni yuan, kuwonjezeka kwa 2.89%.
4. Chitukuko cha chitukuko
Kwa nthawi yayitali, kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa zokometsera ndi zonunkhira kwakhala kulamulidwa ndi Western Europe, United States, Japan ndi madera ena kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma United States, Germany, France ndi United Kingdom, omwe misika yawo yakunyumba yakula kale, ayenera kudalira mayiko omwe akutukuka kuti awonjezere mapulogalamu awo oyika ndalama ndikukhalabe opikisana. Mu msika wapadziko lonse wa zokometsera ndi zonunkhira, mayiko ndi madera monga Asia, Oceania ndi South America akhala madera opikisana kwambiri ndi mabizinesi ofunikira. Kufunika kwa zinthuzi kuli kwakukulu kwambiri m'chigawo cha Asia-Pacific, chomwe chili pamwamba kwambiri pamlingo wapakati wakukula padziko lonse lapansi.
1, kufunikira kwa zokometsera ndi zonunkhira padziko lonse lapansi kudzapitirira kukula. Kuchokera ku momwe makampani opanga zokometsera ndi zonunkhira padziko lonse lapansi alili m'zaka zaposachedwa, kufunikira kwa zokometsera ndi zonunkhira padziko lonse lapansi kukukulirakulira pafupifupi 5% pachaka. Poganizira momwe makampani opanga zokometsera ndi zonunkhira akukulirakulira pakadali pano, ngakhale kuti chitukuko cha mafakitale onunkhira m'maiko ambiri otukuka chikucheperachepera, kuthekera kwa msika wamayiko osauka kukadali kwakukulu, makampani opanga zakudya ndi zinthu zogulira akupitiliza kukula, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi ndalama zomwe munthu amapeza zikupitilira kukula, ndipo ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi zikugwira ntchito, zinthu izi zipangitsa kuti kufunikira kwa zokometsera ndi zonunkhira padziko lonse lapansi kukhale kwakukulu.
2. Mayiko omwe akutukuka ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza chitukuko. Kwa nthawi yayitali, kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa zokometsera ndi zonunkhira kwakhala kulamulidwa ndi Western Europe, United States, Japan ndi madera ena kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, United States, Germany, France ndi United Kingdom, omwe misika yawo yakunyumba yakula kale, akuyenera kudalira misika yayikulu m'maiko omwe akutukuka kuti awonjezere mapulojekiti oyika ndalama ndikukhalabe opikisana. Mu msika wapadziko lonse wa zokometsera ndi zonunkhira, mayiko ndi madera monga Asia, Oceania ndi South America akhala madera opikisana kwambiri a mabizinesi ofunikira. Kufunika kwake kuli kwakukulu kwambiri m'chigawo cha Asia-Pacific.
3, makampani apadziko lonse lapansi opanga zokometsera ndi zonunkhira kuti akulitse gawo la kukoma ndi fungo la fodya. Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha makampani opanga fodya padziko lonse lapansi, kupangidwa kwa makampani akuluakulu, komanso kusintha kwa magulu a fodya, kufunikira kwa zokometsera ndi zonunkhira zabwino kwambiri za fodya kukukulirakuliranso. Malo okulirapo a kukoma ndi fungo la fodya akutsegulidwanso, ndipo makampani apadziko lonse lapansi opanga zokometsera ndi zonunkhira apitiliza kukulirakulira mpaka gawo la kukoma ndi fungo la fodya mtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-05-2024