NJIRA YOCHITA NTCHITO_ MITUNDU NDI ZOYENERA KUYESA ZOSUNGIRA

Pansipa pali chiyambi chachidule chokhudza njira zogwirira ntchito, mitundu komanso kuwunika komwe kwawonetsedwa m'ndandanda wa zosungira zosiyanasiyana.

1.Njira yonse yogwirira ntchitozosungira

Zosungira ndi mankhwala omwe amathandiza kupha kapena kuletsa ntchito za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu zodzoladzola komanso kusunga mtundu wonse wa zodzoladzola kwa nthawi yayitali.

Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti zosungira sizimapha mabakiteriya chifukwa zilibe mphamvu yopha mabakiteriya, ndipo zimagwira ntchito pokhapokha zikagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira kapena zikakhudzana mwachindunji ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mankhwala oteteza mabakiteriya amaletsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimalepheretsa kupanga ma enzyme ofunikira m'thupi komanso kuletsa kupanga mapuloteni m'maselo ofunikira kapena kupanga nucleic acid.

2.Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza ntchito za zosungira

Zinthu zambiri zimathandiza kuti zinthu zosungira zinthu zigwire ntchito. Izi zikuphatikizapo;

a.Zotsatira za pH

Kusintha kwa pH kumathandizira kusungunuka kwa zosungira za organic acid, motero kumakhudza mphamvu yonse ya zosungira. Mwachitsanzo, pa pH 4 ndi pH 6, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol ndi yokhazikika kwambiri.

b.Zotsatira za gel ndi tinthu tolimba

Koalin, magnesium silicate, aluminiyamu ndi zina zotero, ndi tinthu ta ufa tomwe timapezeka mu zodzoladzola zina, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayamwa zosungira ndipo motero zimapangitsa kuti chosungiracho chisagwire ntchito. Komabe, zina zimathandizanso kuyamwa mabakiteriya omwe ali mu chosungiracho. Komanso, kuphatikiza kwa gel ya polymer yosungunuka m'madzi ndi chosungira kumathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zosungira zotsalira mu zodzoladzola, ndipo izi zinachepetsanso mphamvu ya chosungiracho.

c.Kusungunuka kwa ma surfactants omwe si a ionic

Kusungunuka kwa ma surfactants osiyanasiyana monga ma nonionic surfactants mu zosungira kumakhudzanso ntchito yonse ya zosungira. Komabe, ma nonionic surfactants osungunuka ndi mafuta monga HLB=3-6 amadziwika kuti ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu yoletsa ntchito pa zosungira poyerekeza ndi ma nonionic surfactants osungunuka ndi madzi omwe ali ndi HLB yokwera.

d.Zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa zosungira

Pali zinthu zina monga kutentha, kuwala ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala osungira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yawo yophera tizilombo ichepe. Komanso, zina mwa zotsatirazi zimayambitsa kusintha kwa mankhwala chifukwa cha kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito radiation.

e.Ntchito zina

Mofananamo, zinthu zina monga kukhalapo kwa zokometsera ndi zinthu zochepetsera komanso kufalikira kwa zinthu zosungira m'madzi amafuta m'magawo awiri zidzathandizanso kuchepetsa ntchito ya zinthu zosungira pamlingo winawake.

3.Mphamvu zotetezera za antiseptic

Kapangidwe ka mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'zosungira ndi koyenera kuganizira. Kukhala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri mu zodzoladzola kungapangitse kuti zikhale zopweteka, pomwe kusowa kwa mankhwala okwanira kumakhudza mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.makhalidwe a zosungiraNjira yabwino kwambiri yowunikira izi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mayeso a biological challenge omwe amaphatikizapo kuchuluka kochepa kwa inhibitory concentration (MIC) ndi mayeso a inhibition zone.

Mayeso a bacteriostatic circle: Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa mabakiteriya ndi nkhungu zomwe zimatha kukula mofulumira kwambiri mutabzala pa malo oyenera. Ngati chimbale cha pepala losefera chokhala ndi zotetezera chagwera pakati pa mbale yosungiramo zinthu, padzakhala bwalo la bacteriostatic lomwe limapangidwa mozungulira chifukwa cha kulowa kwa chotetezera. Poyesa kukula kwa bwalo la bacteriostatic, lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati muyezo wotsimikizira kuti chotetezeracho chimagwira ntchito bwanji.

Ndi izi, tinganene kuti bwalo la bacteriostatic pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya pepala yokhala ndi mainchesi >=1.0mm ndi lothandiza kwambiri. MIC imatchedwa kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri kwa zosungira zomwe zingawonjezedwe mu sing'anga kuti ziletse kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pazifukwa izi, MIC yaying'ono, mphamvu ya zotetezera imakhala yolimba.

Mphamvu kapena zotsatira za ntchito yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya nthawi zambiri zimaonekera mu mawonekedwe a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Potero, mphamvu yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya imatsimikiziridwa ndi mtengo wochepa wa MIC. Ngakhale kuti MIC singagwiritsidwe ntchito kusiyanitsa pakati pa ntchito yopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi bacteriostatic, ma surfactants amadziwika kuti ali ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya pamlingo wochepa komanso mphamvu yophera tizilombo pamlingo wokwera.

Ndipotu, nthawi zosiyanasiyana, zochitika ziwirizi zimachitika nthawi imodzi, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzisiyanitsa. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi zambiri zimapatsidwa dzina lodziwika kuti kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena kungoti kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.